Dermoid cysts are so unique i. As the reproductive cells of the body, these can be either egg cells or sperm cells. During embryonic development, these cells divide and differentiate into the various different kinds of cells required to create a human being, James Adam Greenberg, M.
Greenberg explains. Dermoid cysts happen when ectodermal germ cells —which go on to form structures on the outer layers of our body, like skin, oil or sweat glands, hair, teeth, etc. Dermoid cysts are basically encapsulations of wayward cells that ended up in the wrong spot and kept on growing, she explains. The manner of presentation depends on where exactly the dermoid cyst is. If someone has a dermoid cyst in a visible area like the face, they might notice it as a small bump during childhood or young adulthood, Patrick Colley , M.
The bump might have a single hair coming out of it, Dr. Georgopoulos says, as well as a tiny divot. Georgopoulos says. Greenberg says. Dermoid cysts are generally harmless. But if they get large enough or are in a certain spot, they can cause symptoms. Large dermoid cysts found in the neck, for instance, could put pressure on nearby structures in the throat , like the vocal cords or trachea, causing voice changes or trouble breathing or swallowing, according to Dr.
Dermoid cysts in the brain or along the spine can cause neurologic symptoms like weakness or headache , Dr. However, if the cyst becomes infected, prompt treatment of the infection and surgical removal of the cyst is essential.
This kind of cyst forms in or on an ovary. Like other kinds of dermoid cysts, an ovarian dermoid cyst first develops before birth.
This benign cyst forms on the spine. It may be harmless and present no symptoms. However, this kind of cyst may press against the spine or spinal nerves. For that reason, it should be surgically removed. Many dermoid cysts have no obvious symptoms. In some of these cases, symptoms develop only after the cyst has become infected or has grown significantly.
When symptoms are present, they may include the following:. Cysts near the surface of the skin can swell. This may feel uncomfortable. The skin may have a yellowish tint. An infected cyst can become very red and swollen. If the cyst bursts, it can spread the infection.
The area around the eye may get very inflamed if the cyst is on the face. If the cyst has grown large enough, you may feel some pain in your pelvic area near the side with the cyst.
This pain may be more pronounced around the time of your menstrual cycle. Symptoms of a spinal dermoid cyst usually begin once the cyst has grown large enough that it starts to compress the spinal cord or the nerves in the spine. Doctors can see dermoid cysts even in developing babies not yet born. Because the glands that are in the cyst continue to secrete fluids, the cyst continues to grow. An ovarian dermoid cyst or a dermoid cyst that grows on another organ also forms during embryonic development.
A common cause of spinal dermoid cysts is a condition called spinal dysraphism. The neural tube is the collection of cells that will become the brain and spinal cord. Your doctor will examine your testes to feel for atrophy.
A firm mass can be a sign of malignancy. Ultrasound imaging can help identify the progress of the teratoma. To check if cancer has spread to other parts of the body, your doctor will request X-rays of your chest and abdomen. Blood tests are also used to check for tumor markers.
If the teratoma remains small, a normal vaginal delivery will be planned. In rare cases, fetal surgery is needed to remove the SCT before it can cause life-threatening complications. SCTs that are detected at birth or afterward are removed by surgery.
If the teratoma is malignant, chemotherapy is used along with the surgery. Survival rates are excellent with modern chemotherapy. Mature ovarian teratomas dermoid cysts are generally removed by laparoscopic surgery, if the cyst is small.
This involves a small incision in the abdomen to insert a scope and a small cutting tool. A small risk of laparoscopic removal is that the cyst can become punctured and leak waxy material. This can result in an inflammatory response known as chemical peritonitis. Ovulation and menstruation will continue from the other ovary. In 25 percent of cases, dermoid cysts are found in both ovaries. This increases your risk of losing fertility. Immature ovarian teratomas are usually found in girls up to their early 20s.
Even if these teratomas are diagnosed at an advanced stage, most cases are cured by a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Removal of a testicle will affect your sexual health, sperm counts, and fertility. Teratomas are rare and usually benign. Treatments for cancerous teratomas have improved in recent decades, so most cases can be cured. Informing yourself on the options and seeing an experienced professional are your best guarantee of a successful outcome.
Notice an unusual lump? Learn how to tell the difference between a cyst and a tumor, as well as the cancer risk associated with each. Dermoid cysts are generally harmless. But if they get large enough or are in a certain spot, they can cause symptoms. Large dermoid cysts found in the neck, for instance, could put pressure on nearby structures in the throat , like the vocal cords or trachea, causing voice changes or trouble breathing or swallowing, according to Dr.
Dermoid cysts in the brain or along the spine can cause neurologic symptoms like weakness or headache , Dr. Colley says. And a dermoid cyst on an ovary can cause the organ to twist on itself like a kinked garden hose, Dr. Khalil explains. This is called ovarian torsion , and it can lead to symptoms like severe pain, nausea, and vomiting, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Ovarian dermoid cysts can also rupture , potentially causing symptoms like intense pain and bleeding. Colley says, as well as produce debris like oil and skin cells.
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